En toda sociedad, cada uno de sus componentes y cada una de sus instituciones cumplen un rol determinante. El rol de los medios de comunicación es vital para sustentar la socialización, habiendo llegado incluso a ser llamados elementos democratizadores. Pero hoy en día están operando en contra de sus reales funciones y asumiendo a todas luces comportamientos antiéticos. Esto no solamente se pone de manifiesto en el periodismo cada vez más desprestigiado, también está operando en los distintos formatos y géneros (...) de manera cada vez más acentuada. Los programas de entretenimiento incurren con frecuencia en la vulgaridad y con toda impunidad pisotean la Ley N° 28278, de tal manera que han llegado a generar la intervención del Poder Judicial, evidenciando que los medios de comunicación y los comunicadores no se pueden autorregular. Pero ¿por qué hemos llegado a esta crisis? ¿Qué pasó con los comunicadores, con los profesionales de la verdad? Es entonces cuando caemos en cuenta de que el comunicador, en sus distintas ramas, debe recuperar su identidad como profesional y no limitarse a ser solamente un buscador de likes o de rating. (shrink)

: In this paper I will examine two conceptions of philosophy that were defended in Latin America during the last century. I believe that both models have to be put away and that we must build a new one, recovering elements of both of them. At the end of my paper I will consider very briefly what can we learn from this in order to construct a genuine philosophical dialogue between the United States and Latin America.

This paper argues that epistemic errors rooted in group- or identity- based biases, especially those pertaining to disability, are undertheorized in the literature on medical error. After sketching dominant taxonomies of medical error, we turn to the field of social epistemology to understand the role that epistemic schemas play in contributing to medical errors that disproportionately affect patients from marginalized social groups. We examine the effects of this unequal distribution through a detailed case study of ableism. There are four primary (...) mechanisms through which the epistemic schema of ableism distorts communication between nondisabled physicians and disabled patients: testimonial injustice, epistemic overconfidence, epistemic erasure, and epistemic derailing. Measures against epistemic injustices in general and against schema-based medical errors in particular are ultimately issues of justice that must be better addressed at all levels of health care practice. (shrink)

A spellbinding look at the philosophical and moral implications of animal dreaming Are humans the only dreamers on Earth? What goes on in the minds of animals when they sleep? When Animals Dream brings together behavioral and neuroscientific research on animal sleep with philosophical theories of dreaming. It shows that dreams provide an invaluable window into the cognitive and emotional lives of nonhuman animals, giving us access to a seemingly inaccessible realm of animal experience. David Peña-Guzmán uncovers evidence of (...) animal dreaming throughout the scientific literature, suggesting that many animals run “reality simulations” while asleep, with a dream-ego moving through a dynamic and coherent dreamscape. He builds a convincing case for animals as conscious beings and examines the thorny scientific, philosophical, and ethical questions it raises. Once we accept that animals dream, we incur a host of moral obligations and have no choice but to rethink our views about who animals are and the interior lives they lead. A mesmerizing journey into the otherworldly domain of nonhuman consciousness, When Animals Dream carries profound implications for contemporary debates about animal cognition, animal ethics, and animal rights, challenging us to regard animals as beings who matter, and for whom things matter. (shrink)

Even though female food acquisition is an area of considerable interest in hunter-gatherer research, the ecological determinants of women’s economic decisions in these populations are still poorly understood. The literature on female foraging behavior indicates that there is considerable variation within and across foraging societies in the amount of time that women spend foraging and in the amount and types of food that they acquire. It is possible that this heterogeneity reflects variation in the trade-offs between time spent in food (...) acquisition and child care activities that women face in different groups of hunter-gatherers. In this paper we discuss the fitness trade-offs between food acquisition and child care that Hiwi and Ache women foragers might face. Multiple regression analyses show that in both populations the daily food acquisition of a woman’s spouse is negatively related to female foraging effort. In addition, nursing mothers spend less time foraging and acquire less food than do nonnursing women. As the number of dependents that a woman has increases, however, women also increase foraging time and the amount of food they acquire. Some interesting exceptions to these general trends are as follows: (a) differences in foraging effort between nursing and nonnursing women are less pronounced when fruits and roots are in season than in other seasons of the year; (b) foraging return rates decrease for Ache women as their numbers of dependents increase; and (c) among Ache women, the positive effect of number of dependents on foraging behavior is less pronounced when fruits are in season than at other times of the year. Lastly, in the Hiwi sample we found that postreproductive women work considerably harder than women of reproductive age in the root season but not in other seasons of the year. We discuss how ecological variation in constraints, the number of health insults to children that Hiwi and Ache mothers can avoid, and the fitness benefits they can gain from spending time in food acquisition and child care might account for differences and similarities in the foraging behaviors of subgroups of Hiwi and Ache mothers across different seasons of the year. Valid tests of the explanations we propose will require considerable effort to measure the relationship between maternal food acquisition, child care, and adverse health outcomes in offspring. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una reflexión política acerca del VIH-sida, estructurada en cuatro momentos: primero, una aproximación a las políticas de la vida donde se devela el actuar de la necropolítica, el biopoder, la biopolítica y biolegitimidad en relación con el VIH-sida; segundo, se aborda una antropología política del cuerpo, la cual advierte las distintas formas de poder, violencia y verdad que experimentan las personas que viven con VIH-sida; tercero, un acercamiento al modo en que se reproduce una economía moral del (...) castigo, donde se articulan elementos normativos, médico-sanitarios, de la vida, el cuerpo y la sociedad; cuarto, se propone repolitizar el VIH-sida, a fin de brindar insumos que permitan construir un orden social diferente para las personas que viven con dicha realidad. (shrink)

This article discloses the findings of a qualitative research on the teaching knowledge gained by normalist pre-service teachers during their teaching practice and how this helps them solve their practice problems in public secondary schools. This teaching knowledge is a social construction generated within the inter-experience and tensions shared with other school agents during their teacher education.

This study reflects on the influence of Jasper’s thought on the work of Jeanne Hersch. Our hypothesis is based on the importance that Hersch attributed to the philosophical tradition as a way of carrying out a theoretical activity aimed at “communication” and articulated around the poietic dimension of the human being. The identification of certain nuclear categories in Hersch’s philosophy allows us to highlight certain distinctive features of her contribution, which characterize the different aspects of her reflection and materialize in (...) the attention to the present. (shrink)

In this paper, we resume the general framework for pedagogical reflection from Kant, in order to show the scope and limits of the philosophies of education that currently have dealt with the moral character education, and so, to be able to suggest some general guidelines that allow us to take the «moral work» of education, as the cultivation and formation of consistent thinking.

RESUMEN En el marco de la pregunta por la actualidad del pensamiento político de Hegel ha surgido en las últimas décadas una renovada vertiente interpretativa que defiende la tesis de la indeterminación del monarca como un elemento necesario en los Principios de la filosofía del derecho. Esta tesis consiste, por un lado, en que el monarca, aun como soberano, cumple una función meramente protocolar dentro de la Constitución; y por otro lado, afirma que, en esa medida, su particularidad o su (...) carácter personal es completamente irrelevante para la administración y desarrollo de los asuntos públicos. Sin embargo, a partir de una revisión detallada de los argumentos originales de la obra se logra apreciar que dicha tesis resulta problemática. Este trabajo se propone explicitar las razones que demuestran dicha inconsistencia, así como señalar otros aspectos particulares en la argumentación hegeliana que invitan a poner nuevamente la mirada en este elemento complejo de su obra y pensamiento. ABSTRACT Within the framework of the question about the actuality of Hegel's political thought, a renewed interpretative perspective has arisen in recent decades, which defends the thesis of the monarch's indetermination as a necessary component at Elements of Philosophy of Right. This thesis claims, on the one hand, that the monarch, even as a sovereign, fulfills a titular function within the Constitution; and on the other hand, it maintains that, to that extent, his particularity or personal character is completely irrelevant for the determination of public affairs. However, based on a detailed review of the original arguments of Hegel's work, it is possible to appreciate that this thesis is problematic. This article seeks to explain the reasons which prove this inconsistency. It also highlights other particular aspects of Hegel's argument which invite to reconsider this complex aspect of his work and thought. (shrink)

Aquest llibre recull els textos de les reflexions que van tenir lloc en l'encont re internacional SCAN (festival de fotografia), a Internet del 29 de febrer al 1 7 d'abril de 2008, i al Teatre Metropol, el dia 17 d'abril de 2008. Tres teòrics de la imatge de reconegut prestigi internacional -Christian Caujolle, Joan Font cuberta i Radu Stern- van debatre virtualment a internet i posteriorment de form a presencial a Tarragona sobre el paper de la imatge al nostre temps.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Origins of the Ateneo de la Juventud The Lectures at the Ateneo de la Juventud The Ateneo de la Juventud and the Mexican Revolution References Further Reading.

Many people believe that only humans have the cognitive and behavioral capacities needed for suicidal behavior, such as reflexive subjectivity, free will, intentionality, or awareness of death. Three counterarguments — based on (i) negative emotions and psychopathologies among nonhuman animals, (ii) the nature of self-destructive behavior, and (iii) the problem of model fidelity in suicide research — suggest that self-destructive and self-injurious behaviors among human and nonhuman animals vary along a continuum.

Se examina uno de los argumentos principales de Creer, saber, conocer en contra de la inclusión de la noción de verdad en la definición de saber. Se sostiene que el argumento falla, entre otras razones, porque concede al escéptico una premisa falsa acerca de las condiciones de aplicabilidad del verbo "saber". /// One of the main arguments of Creer, saber, conocer against the inclusion of the notion of truth in the definition of knowledge is examined. It is claimed that the (...) argument fails, among other reasons, because it grants the sceptic a false premise about the conditions of applicability of the verb "to know". (shrink)

Se sostiene que la propuesta de Rodriguez-Pereyra de que los analíticos iberoamericanos publiquemos todos nuestras investigaciones en inglés es inviable e indeseable.

En el presente artículo planteamos una lectura cruzada de diferentes aspectos de la antropología (Claude Lévi-Strauss, Alfred Gell y Viveiros de Castro) y del discurso estético (Friedrich Schiller y Deleuze/Guattari). La antropología se ha constituido como un nuevo saber que implica cierta ética de descolonización del pensamiento. Esta descolonización supone una puesta en cuestión de los binarismos más arraigados en la filosofía occidental, entre ellos el que solo cabe atribuir agencia a los seres humanos. Nuestro propósito es mostrar que el (...) pensamiento estético ha operado un cuestionamiento semejante, abriendo el camino a pensar agencias no humanas en el arte. (shrink)

This article highlights the mathematical structure of Henri Bergson’s method. While Bergson has been historically interpreted as an anti-scientific and irrationalist philosopher, he modeled his philosophical methodology on the infinitesimal calculus developed by Leibniz and Newton in the seventeenth century. His philosophy, then, rests on the science of number, at least from a methodological standpoint. By looking at how he conscripted key mathematical concepts into his philosophy, this article invites us to re-imagine Bergson’s place in the history of Western philosophy.

We conducted three studies aimed at showing that one-to-one translations between emotion terms might be comparing independent or barely overlapping categories of emotional experience. In Study 1 we found that the speakers' most accessible features of two supposedly equivalent emotions terms (shame and vergüenza) were very different. In Study 2, American and Spanish speakers' typicality ratings of 25 out of 29 constitutive features of “shame” or “vergüenza” were significantly different. In Study 3, these important differences in the content and internal (...) structure of “shame” and “vergüenza” were also reflected in the affective meaning of their corresponding terms. We conclude that “shame” and “vergüenza” do not share the same cluster of central features, and cannot be treated as identical categories of emotional experience. This finding raises serious questions about the one-to-one translation practices not only of most cross-cultural studies on “shame”, but also of other emotion concepts. We suggest an alternative method of translation based on Diachronic Prototype Semantics (Geeraerts, 1997). (shrink)

The Cooperative Extension System serves as the conduit through which scientific knowledge generated by the 130 land-grant colleges and universities in the United States is translated and delivered directly to its constituents. Since its inception over 100 years ago, Extension has been integral in developing, delivering, and applying cutting-edge knowledge in agriculture and natural resources, youth development, family and consumer sciences, and community and rural development. Today, more than ever, Extension will need to lead the way in building and maintaining (...) sustainable partnerships across disciplines and with organizations at the local, state, and national levels to tackle complex issues considering diminishing resources. Bringing together leading and emerging scholars, this volume discusses how Extension is addressing issues and opportunities relevant to children, youth, families, and communities across the country both now and in the future. Topics include Extension's role in supporting childcare, social media use, entrepreneurship, rural communities, and underserved audiences. (shrink)

María Zambrano’s thought is intimately linked to the way in which things are expressed. Thus, the question is posed: What is a philosophy that is done with words? In the case of María Zambrano, it could be said that in her relationship with words the work of a complicated, but also unitary and ..

Contemporary discussion about the ontology of society identifies two groups of perspectives. One of them, associated with Searle, includes rules in the inventory of elements that constitute social reality. The other one, associated with Smit, Buekens, and du Plessis, claims that rules can be reduced to more fundamental units. Despite the fact that both perspectives seem equally efficient in describing institutional phenomena, we identify both flaws in the viewpoint that dismisses rules and reasons to prefer the alternative position.

Business ethics scholarship proposes alternatives for making companies sustainable. While these models may have advanced business practice, the alternatives rarely challenge the hegemony of the economic system. This article develops a new normative frame for sustainable business by investigating articulations of counter-hegemony and their ethical implications. Employing political discourse theory and drawing insights from a case in food production, the article finds three articulations of counter-hegemonic ethics: (1) the virtue of socio-ecological embeddedness, (2) the duty of local provisioning, and (3) (...) the utility of regeneration. These findings reflect the three generic normative ethical theories and are proposed to support advancing sustainability. As its main contribution, the study contributes to the field of business ethics by offering a novel normative foundation that challenges power relations in the society, especially those concerning the hegemonic articulations of industrial economy. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se publica la traducción de _La ciencia perspectiva_ (1684-1686), de G.W. Leibniz. Entre 1679 y 1686, el pensador alemán escribe una serie de textos dedicados a la ciencia perspectiva. Esos escritos son los siguientes: _La construcción y el uso de escalas en la perspectiva_; _Las asistencias del cálculo_; _El fundamento de la perspectiva_; _El origen de la regla del arte de la perspectiva_; _La relación de los puntos con el plano del espectador_; _La ciencia perspectiva_. El (...) último de ellos, que es también el más acabado formal y argumentativamente, es el que se traduce en este trabajo. En _La ciencia perspectiva_, Leibniz define la disciplina, presenta una metodología y descubre la regla de dicha ciencia. La ciencia perspectiva es, de acuerdo con él, el arte de exhibir en la Tabula la apariencia del objetivo y, en dicho arte, el análisis geométrico de la intersección resulta central para el descubrimiento de la regla universal de la representación. Antes de presentar la traducción, se puede encontrar un estudio introductorio del texto, cuyo objetivo es facilitar la comprensión del lector en relación con lo defendido por Leibniz en _La ciencia perspectiva_. (shrink)

Never like today concerns about masculinities and the implications of being-a-man had been so present in diverse public life scenarios. We witness the multiplication and propagation of social agendas, programs and pedagogies around masculinity. Psychological practices and discourses, as well as their means for cultural propagation, have an important presence in current understandings of masculinity and articulate a language for its intervention. In this text we explore this scenario through the notions of psychologization and therapeutic culture. We trace certain inflections (...) in the development of masculinity as an object in the field of psychological dispositives for knowledge production and individual management. We focus our analysis on two fields: a) the development of the dominant or canonical psychological science; and b) the expansion and popularization of psi knowledge in self-help culture. (shrink)

Kim Diaz's translation of Guillermo Hurtado's "Retratos de Luis Villoro".

We continue with the study of the Katětov order on MAD families. We prove that Katětov maximal MAD families exist under $\mathfrak {b=c}$ and that there are no Katětov-top MAD families assuming $\mathfrak {s\leq b}.$ This improves previously known results from the literature. We also answer a problem form Arciga, Hrušák, and Martínez regarding Katětov maximal MAD families.

Let ${\cal I}$ be an ideal on ω. By cov${}_{}^{\rm{*}}$ we denote the least size of a family ${\cal B} \subseteq {\cal I}$ such that for every infinite $X \in {\cal I}$ there is $B \in {\cal B}$ for which $B\mathop \cap \nolimits X$ is infinite. We say that an AD family ${\cal A} \subseteq {\cal I}$ is a MAD family restricted to${\cal I}$ if for every infinite $X \in {\cal I}$ there is $A \in {\cal A}$ such that $|X\mathop (...) \cap \nolimits A| = \omega$. Let a$\left$ be the least size of an infinite MAD family restricted to ${\cal I}$. We prove that If $max${a,cov${}_{}^{\rm{*}}\}$ then a$\left = {\omega _1}$, and consequently, if ${\cal I}$ is tall and $\le {\omega _2}$ then a$\left = max$ {a,cov${}_{}^{\rm{*}}\}$. We use these results to prove that if c$\le {\omega _2}$ then o$= \overline o$ and that as$= max${a,non$\}$. We also analyze the problem whether it is consistent with the negation of CH that every AD family of size ω1 can be extended to a MAD family of size ω1. (shrink)

Change is one of the central aims of professional development for information and communication technologies integration in education. Studies on the use of ICT in education highlights the large investments in infrastructure and professional development, and the limited results in students learning. Teachers’ professional development for ICT integration in education has evolved from the development of technical skills to pedagogical skills and content-related knowledge. The gold standard and design-based approaches have dominated TDP-ICT. This study presents the Change Laboratory method as (...) a formative intervention to motivate teachers to identify and overcome the barriers to ICT integration. The results showed that a professional development intervention based on CL stimulates transformative agency in the participants. Six forms of transformative agency, namely resisting, criticizing, explicating, envisioning, committing to actions, and taking actions, were found during the CL. The transformative agency was essential to motivate teachers to identify and propose a model solution to overcome both first-order and second-order contextual barriers. (shrink)

El renacimiento del interés por Hegel en el mundo filosófico se apoya en varios puntos: la superación del dualismo entre el esquema conceptual y el contenido (Davidson, McDowell), la disipación del mito de lo dado (Sellars, Quine) y el inferencialismo (Brandom). En relación con el primer punto, John McDowell intenta superar aquel dualismo, echando mano de un Hegel cuya retórica requiere de una domesticación. Se intenta iluminar el alcance y algunas limitaciones de esta propuesta, en su intento por desmontar la (...) filosofía del permanente movimiento entre el mito de lo dado o la inmediatez, por un lado, y el coherentismo, por el otro. (shrink)